Surreal depiction of visual-spatial thinking with vibrant streams of color.

What is Visual-Spatial Thinking?

Understanding Visual-Spatial Thinking: A Guide

Visual-spatial thinking is a fascinating cognitive process that many employ without realizing it. It involves the ability to visualize spatial patterns and manipulate them mentally. This capability is crucial in everyday tasks and forms the foundation of numerous professional fields, such as architecture, engineering, art, and many scientific disciplines. In this blog post, we’ll delve into the depths of visual-spatial thinking, exploring its definition, importance, and ways to enhance this valuable skill.

What is Visual Spatial Thinking?

Visual-spatial thinking refers to the ability to comprehend, reason, and remember the spatial relations among objects or spaces. People who excel in this type of thinking are keen to picture layouts, understand maps, solve puzzles, or imagine orientation changes. It is one of the multiple intelligences proposed by psychologist Howard Gardner, highlighting its unique role in human cognition.

The Importance of Visual Spatial Thinking

Visual-spatial skills are crucial for various everyday and professional tasks:

  • Navigation: Understanding maps and navigating through spaces, either familiar or new.
  • Learning and Education: Grasping diagrams in textbooks, especially in subjects like geometry, physics, and chemistry.
  • Professional Skills: These are essential in fields such as architecture, engineering, graphic design, and surgery, where visualizing and manipulating objects in space is fundamental.
  • Everyday problem-solving involves packing, arranging furniture, or playing sports, where one must estimate distances and visualize different scenarios.

How to Enhance Visual-Spatial Thinking

  1. Engage in Spatial Activities: Regularly engaging in activities that require spatial skills, such as puzzles, model building, or video games, can enhance one’s capacity for visual-spatial thinking.
  2. Practice Drawing and Sketching: Drawing is a direct way to improve spatial visualization. Sketching objects from different angles helps develop a better spatial understanding.
  3. Learn to Read and Interpret Maps: Map reading improves navigation skills and enhances the ability to understand complex spatial information.
  4. Use Educational Tools: Many educational tools and software are designed to improve spatial reasoning. Geometric toys, construction blocks (like LEGO), and spatial reasoning games can be particularly beneficial.

Conclusion

Visual-spatial thinking is a critical cognitive ability that impacts numerous aspects of life, from daily tasks to complex professional demands. Understanding and improving this skill can significantly enhance one’s problem-solving capabilities and professional expertise. Whether engaging in spatially demanding activities or using tools designed for educational purposes, anyone can improve their visual-spatial thinking and reap the benefits in their personal and professional lives.

Remember, like any skill, visual-spatial thinking can be honed and developed with practice and dedication. Start integrating more spatially oriented activities into your routine, and watch how they broaden your cognitive abilities and enhance your daily interactions with the world around you!


Kunda, M., & Goel, A. K. (2011). Thinking in pictures as a cognitive account of autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 41, 1157-1177.

Newcombe, N. S. (2013). Seeing Relationships: Using Spatial Thinking to Teach Science, Mathematics, and Social Studies. American Educator, 37(1), 26.

Moore, D. W., Bhadelia, R. A., Billings, R. L., Fulwiler, C., Heilman, K. M., Rood, K. M., & Gansler, D. A. (2009). Hemispheric connectivity and the visual–spatial divergent-thinking component of creativity. Brain and cognition, 70(3), 267-272.

Muth, A., Hönekopp, J., & Falter, C. M. (2014). Visuo-spatial performance in autism: a meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 3245-3263.

Grandin, T. (2009). How does visual thinking work in the mind of a person with autism? A personal account. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1522), 1437-1442.

Lind, S. E., Bowler, D. M., & Raber, J. (2014). Spatial navigation, episodic memory, episodic future thinking, and theory of mind in children with autism spectrum disorder: evidence for impairments in mental simulation?. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1411.

Smith, A. D. (2015). Spatial navigation in autism spectrum disorders: a critical review. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 31.

Kunda, M., & Goel, A. K. (2011). Thinking in pictures as a cognitive account of autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 41, 1157-1177

. Falter, C. M., Plaisted, K. C., & Davis, G. (2008). Visuo-spatial processing in autism—testing the predictions of extreme male brain theory. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 38, 507-515.

Sahyoun, C. P., Soulieres, I., Belliveau, J. W., Mottron, L., & Mody, M. (2009). Cognitive differences in pictorial reasoning between high-functioning autism and Asperger’s syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1014-1023.

Mecca, T. P., Orsati, F. T., & de Macedo, E. C. (2014). Non-Verbal cognitive profile of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Psychology, 2014.

Bochynska, A., Vulchanova, M., Vulchanov, V., & Landau, B. (2020). Spatial language difficulties reflect the structure of intact spatial representation: Evidence from high-functioning autism. Cognitive Psychology, 116, 101249.

Elliott, B. (2013). Autism, Visual Thinking, and Independence.

Vogan, V. M., Morgan, B. R., Smith, M. L., & Taylor, M. J. (2019). Functional changes during visuo-spatial working memory in autism spectrum disorder: 2-year longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Autism, 23(3), 639-652.

Happé, F. (1999). Autism: cognitive deficit or cognitive style?. Trends in cognitive sciences, 3(6), 216-222.

Englund, J. A., Decker, S. L., Allen, R. A., & Roberts, A. M. (2014). Common cognitive deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism: Working memory and visual-motor integration. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 32(2), 95-106.

One thought on “What is Visual-Spatial Thinking?”

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.